Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Khuddakanikāye

Milindapañhapāḷi

1.

Milindo nāma so rājā, sāgalāyaṃ puruttame;

Upagañchi nāgasenaṃ, gaṅgā ca [gaṅgāva (sī. pī.)] yathā sāgaraṃ.

Āsajja rājā citrakathiṃ, ukkādhāraṃ tamonudaṃ;

Apucchi nipuṇe pañhe, ṭhānāṭṭhānagate puthū.

Pucchā visajjanā [vissajjanā (sī. pī.)] ceva, gambhīratthūpanissitā;

Hadayaṅgamā kaṇṇasukhā, abbhutā lomahaṃsanā.

Abhidhammavinayogāḷhā, suttajālasamattitā;

Nāgasenakathā citrā, opammehi nayehi ca.

Tattha ñāṇaṃ paṇidhāya, hāsayitvāna mānasaṃ;

Suṇātha nipuṇe pañhe, kaṅkhāṭṭhānavidālaneti.

2. Taṃ yathānusūyate – atthi yonakānaṃ nānāpuṭabhedanaṃ sāgalaṃ nāma nagaraṃ nadīpabbatasobhitaṃ ramaṇīyabhūmippadesabhāgaṃ ārāmuyyānopavanataḷākapokkharaṇisampannaṃ nadīpabbatavanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ sutavantanimmitaṃ nihatapaccatthikaṃ [nippaccatthikaṃ (ka.)] paccāmittānupapīḷitaṃ vividhavicitradaḷhamaṭṭālakoṭṭhakaṃ varapavaragopura [pavarapacuragopura (sī.)] toraṇaṃ gambhīraparikhāpaṇḍarapākāraparikkhittantepuraṃ. Suvibhattavīthicaccaracatukkasiṅghāṭakaṃ suppasāritānekavidhavarabhaṇḍaparipūritantarāpaṇaṃ vividhadānaggasatasamupasobhitaṃ [satasamupasobhitaṃ (sī. pī.)] himagirisikharasaṅkāsavarabhavanasatasahassappaṭimaṇḍitaṃ gajahayarathapattisamākulaṃ abhirūpanaranārigaṇānucaritaṃ ākiṇṇajanamanussaṃ puthukhattiyabrāhmaṇavessasuddaṃ vividhasamaṇabrāhmaṇasabhājana [sabhājana (sī. pī.), sammābhājana (ka.)] saṅghaṭitaṃ bahuvidhavijjāvanta [vijjādhara (ka.)] naracira [naravira (sī. pī.)] nisevitaṃ kāsikakoṭumbarikādinānāvidhavatthāpaṇasampannaṃ suppasāritarucirabahuvidhapupphagandhāpaṇaṃ gandhagandhitaṃ āsīsanīyabahuratanaparipūritaṃ disāmukhasuppasāritāpaṇaṃ siṅgāravāṇijagaṇānucaritaṃ kahāpaṇarajatasuvaṇṇakaṃsapattharaparipūraṃ pajjotamānanidhiniketaṃ pahūtadhanadhaññavittūpakaraṇaṃ paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāraṃ bahvannapānaṃ bahuvidhakhajjabhojjaleyyapeyyasāyanīyaṃ uttarakurusaṅkāsaṃ sampannasassaṃ āḷakamandā viya devapuraṃ.

Ettha ṭhatvā tesaṃ pubbakammaṃ kathetabbaṃ, kathentena ca chadhā vibhajitvā kathetabbaṃ. Seyyathīdaṃ – pubbayogo milindapañhaṃ lakkhaṇapañhaṃ meṇḍakapañhaṃ anumānapañhaṃ opammakathāpañhanti.

Tattha milindapañho lakkhaṇapañho, vimaticchedanapañhoti duvidho. Meṇḍakapañhopi mahāvaggo, yogikathāpañhoti duvidho.

Pubbayogoti tesaṃ pubbakammaṃ.

1. Bāhirakathā

Pubbayogādi



小部尼迦耶.弥林达问经.1.
弥林达王，在最胜的舍卫城，
去到那伽犀那尊者处，如同恒河入海。
国王坐在华丽的座位上，驱散黑暗带来光明；
询问精妙的问题，广泛涉及各个领域。
提问与解答，蕴含深奥的意义；
触动人心，悦耳动听，令人惊奇赞叹。
贯通阿毗达摩和毗奈耶，精通三藏圣典；
那伽犀那的言辞巧妙，运用种种譬喻和推理。
运用智慧，愉悦身心；
请聆听这精妙的问题，消除疑惑的良方。
2.
正如所说的那样——有一个名叫舍卫城的城市，能够消除种种疑惑，它点缀着河流山川，是景色优美的地域，拥有花园、树林、池塘和莲花池，拥有河流、山川、森林和宜人的景致，闻名遐迩，巧夺天工，没有盗贼，受到正义的守护，拥有各式各样华丽的楼阁和城堡，拥有雄伟壮丽的城门和拱门，被深邃的护城河和白色的城墙包围，街道、广场、十字路口和四角井然有序，店铺里摆满了各种各样的珍宝，点缀着各种各样的施舍集会，装饰着如同喜马拉雅山雪峰般辉煌的无数宫殿，车水马龙，熙熙攘攘，俊男美女络绎不绝，人潮涌动，遍布刹帝利和婆罗门等各个阶层，聚集了形形色色的沙门和婆罗门，居住着许多技艺高超的人，拥有各种各样的布料和服饰，点缀着美丽而芬芳的鲜花，香气弥漫，充满了各种各样的珍宝，店铺琳琅满目，商贾云集，拥有丰富的金银、宝石和各种财物，灯火通明，拥有丰富的财富、谷物和财产，拥有充足的粮仓和库房，拥有丰富的食物和饮料，拥有各种各样的糕点、食物、粥和夜宵，如同北方俱卢洲的繁华城市，像天上的城市一样。
在这里，我们将讲述他们的前世因缘，并将其分为六个部分进行讲述。即：前世因缘、弥林达问、相问、牧童问、推理问和譬喻问。
其中，弥林达问和相问，是两种消除疑惑的问答。牧童问也分为两部分：大品和瑜伽问。
前世因缘，就是他们的前世因缘。
外篇
前世因缘等

3. Atīte kira kassapassa bhagavato sāsane vattamāne gaṅgāya samīpe ekasmiṃ āvāse mahābhikkhusaṅgho paṭivasati, tattha vattasīlasampannā bhikkhū pātova uṭṭhāya yaṭṭhisammajjaniyo [yaṭṭhisammuñjaniyo (sī. pī.)] ādāya buddhaguṇe āvajjentā aṅgaṇaṃ sammajjitvā kacavarabyūhaṃ karonti. Atheko bhikkhu ekaṃ sāmaṇeraṃ ‘‘ehi sāmaṇera, imaṃ kacavaraṃ chaḍḍehī’’ti āha, so asuṇanto viya gacchati, so dutiyampi…pe… tatiyampi āmantiyamāno asuṇanto viya gacchateva. Tato so bhikkhu ‘‘dubbaco vatāyaṃ sāmaṇero’’ti kuddho sammajjanidaṇḍena pahāraṃ adāsi. Tato so rodanto bhayena kacavaraṃ chaḍḍento ‘‘iminā kacavarachaḍḍanapuññakammena yāvāhaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāmi [na pāpuṇāmi (syā.)], etthantare nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne majjhanhikasūriyo [suriyo (sī. pī.)] viya mahesakkho mahātejo bhaveyya’’nti paṭhamaṃ patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Kacavaraṃ chaḍḍetvā nahānatthāya gaṅgātitthaṃ gato gaṅgāya ūmivegaṃ gaggarāyamānaṃ disvā ‘‘yāvāhaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāmi [na pāpuṇāmi (syā.)], etthantare nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne ayaṃ ūmivego viya ṭhānuppattikapaṭibhāno bhaveyyaṃ akkhayapaṭibhāno’’ti dutiyampi patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi.

Sopi bhikkhu sammajjanisālāya sammajjaniṃ ṭhapetvā nahānatthāya gaṅgātitthaṃ gacchanto sāmaṇerassa patthanaṃ sutvā ‘‘esa mayā payojitopi tāva evaṃ pattheti, mayhaṃ kiṃ na samijjhissatī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘yāvāhaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāmi [na pāpuṇāmi (syā.)], etthantare nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne ayaṃ gaṅgāūmivego viya akkhayapaṭibhāno bhaveyyaṃ, iminā pucchitapucchitaṃ sabbaṃ pañhapaṭibhānaṃ vijaṭetuṃ nibbeṭhetuṃ samattho bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ paṭṭhapesi.

Te ubhopi devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsarantā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ khepesuṃ. Atha amhākaṃ bhagavatāpi yathā moggaliputtatissatthero dissati, evametepi dissanti mama parinibbānato pañcavassasate atikkante ete uppajjissanti, yaṃ mayā sukhumaṃ katvā desitaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, taṃ ete pañhapucchanaopammayuttivasena nijjaṭaṃ niggumbaṃ katvā vibhajissantīti niddiṭṭhā.

4. Tesu sāmaṇero jambudīpe sāgalanagare milindo nāma rājā ahosi paṇḍito byatto medhāvī paṭibalo atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ mantayogavidhānakiriyānaṃ [samantayoga … (sī. pī.)], karaṇakāle nisammakārī hoti, bahūni cassa satthāni uggahitāni honti. Seyyathidaṃ, suti sammuti saṅkhyā yogā nīti visesikā gaṇikā gandhabbā tikicchā dhanubbedā [catubbedā (sī. pī.)] purāṇā itihāsā jotisā māyā ketu [hetu (sī. pī.)] mantanā yuddhā chandasā buddhavacanena [chandasāmuddavacanena (sī. pī.)] ekūnavīsati, vitaṇḍavādī [vādī (sī. pī.)] durāsado duppasaho puthutitthakarānaṃ aggamakkhāyati, sakalajambudīpe milindena raññā samo koci nāhosi yadidaṃ thāmena javena sūrena paññāya, aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo anantabalavāhano.



3.
据说，过去迦叶佛陀的教法还在世间流传的时候，在恒河附近的一处寺院里，居住着一大群比丘。那里戒行清净的比丘们清晨起床，拿着扫帚，一边赞叹佛陀的功德，一边打扫庭院，然后整理垃圾堆。这时，一位比丘对一位沙弥说：“喂，沙弥，把这垃圾扔掉！”沙弥好像没听到一样，径自走开了。比丘第二次……乃至第三次吩咐他，他仍然像没听到一样，还是走开了。于是比丘心想：“这个沙弥真不听话！”生气地用扫帚柄打了他。被打的沙弥哭了起来，害怕地把垃圾扔掉了，并且发了第一个愿望：“以此扔垃圾的功德，愿我直至证得涅槃之前，生生世世都像正午的太阳一样，拥有强大的威势和光芒！”扔完垃圾后，他到恒河对岸去洗澡，看到恒河水流湍急汹涌澎湃，于是发了第二个愿望：“愿我直至证得涅槃之前，生生世世都像这河水一样，拥有源源不断的辩才，无穷无尽！”
那位比丘把扫帚放回工具房后，也去恒河对岸洗澡。他听到了沙弥的愿望，心想：“我让他做事，他竟然这样许愿，我的愿望岂不更容易实现？”于是他也发了愿望：“愿我直至证得涅槃之前，生生世世都像这恒河水流一样，拥有无穷无尽的辩才，能够解答所有提出的问题，能够彻底地分析和解释所有的问题！”
他们二人都曾在天界和人界轮回，度过了一个佛法的间劫。正如目犍连子帝须尊者现在出现一样，他们也会出现。佛陀授记：“我的般涅槃五百年后，他们将会出生，他们将以提问和譬喻的方式，把我所宣说的微妙的教法和戒律，彻底地、清晰地分析和阐释。”
4.
他们之中，那位沙弥在阎浮提（ Jambudvīpa，古代印度的名称，范围大致相当于现代的印度次大陆）的舍卫城（Śrāvastī，古印度北部城市，位于今印度北方邦北部）转生为名叫弥林达的国王。他聪明、能干、智慧超群、能力非凡，通晓过去、未来和现在的一切咒术、瑜伽和各种技艺。在处理事务时，他沉着冷静。他学习了许多学科，例如：声明、约定俗成、计算、瑜伽、逻辑、胜论、数论、音乐、天文、医学、箭术、古代文献、历史、占星术、幻术、预兆、咒语、兵法、韵律以及佛陀的教法，总共二十八种（另一版本作二十九种）。他喜欢诡辩，难以接近，难以应付，被认为是所有外道的征服者。在整个阎浮提，没有人能像弥林达王一样，在沉稳、敏捷、勇敢和智慧方面与他匹敌。他非常富有，拥有巨大的财富，拥有无穷无尽的军队。

5. Athekadivasaṃ milindo rājā anantabalavāhanaṃ caturaṅginiṃ balaggasenābyūhaṃ dassanakamyatāya nagarā nikkhamitvā bahinagare senaṅgadassanaṃ katvā [senāgaṇanaṃ kāretvā (sī. pī.)] sāretvā so rājā bhassappavādako lokāyatavitaṇḍa [pavatta (sī. pī.)] janasallāpaplava cittakotūhalo visārado vijambhako sūriyaṃ oloketvā amacce āmantesi ‘‘bahu bhaṇe tāva divasāvaseso kiṃ karissāma, idāneva nagaraṃ pavisitvā atthi koci paṇḍito samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo api arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ paṭijānamāno, yo mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ sakkoti kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetuṃ, taṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchissāma, kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinayissāmā’’ti.

Evaṃ vutte pañcasatā yonakā rājānaṃ milindaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘atthi, mahārāja, cha satthāro pūraṇo kassapo makkhaligosālo nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto [nāthaputto (sī. pī.)] sañjayo belaṭṭhaputto ajito kesakambalo pakudho kaccāyano, te saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyakā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā bahujanassa, gaccha tvaṃ mahārāja, te pañhaṃ pucchassu, kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinayassū’’ti.

6. Atha kho milindo rājā pañcahi yonakasatehi parivuto bhadravāhanaṃ rathavaramāruyha yena pūraṇo kassapo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā pūraṇena kassapena saddhiṃ sammodi, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho milindo rājā pūraṇaṃ kassapaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko, bhante kassapa, lokaṃ pāletī’’ti? ‘‘Pathavī, mahārāja , lokaṃ pāletī’’ti. ‘‘Yadi, bhante kassapa, pathavī [paṭhavī (sī. syā. pī.)] lokaṃ pāleti, atha kasmā avīcinirayaṃ gacchantā sattā pathaviṃ atikkamitvā gacchantī’’ti? Evaṃ vutte pūraṇo kassapo neva sakkhi ogilituṃ, no sakkhi uggilituṃ, adhomukho pattakkhandho tuṇhībhūto pajjhāyanto nisīdi.



5.
有一天，弥林达王为了检阅他那拥有无穷兵力的、由四支军队组成的庞大军队，离开了城市。在城外检阅完军队后，这位饶舌善辩、喜欢与俗人辩论、好热闹、好奇心强、机智敏捷、无所畏惧的国王，抬头看了看太阳，对大臣们说：“现在时间还早，我们该做些什么呢？不如现在就回城里去。有没有哪位博学的沙门、婆罗门、长老、导师或宗教领袖，甚至是承认正等正觉佛陀的，能够与我交谈，解答我的疑问？我们去找他提问，消除心中的疑惑。”
大臣们回答弥林达王说：“大王，有六位导师：富兰那迦叶、末伽梨瞿舍梨、尼乾陀若提子、删阇夜毗罗胝子、阿耆多翅舍钦婆罗、迦罗鸠驮迦旃延。他们都是著名的长老、导师、宗教领袖，德高望重，受到许多人的尊敬。大王，您可以去找他们提问，解答您的疑惑。”
6.
于是，弥林达王在五百位希腊大臣的簇拥下，乘坐华丽的马车，前往富兰那迦叶的住处。到达后，他与富兰那迦叶互相问候，寒暄了一番后，在一旁坐下。弥林达王问富兰那迦叶：“尊者迦叶，是谁支撑着世界？”
富兰那迦叶回答：“大王，是大地支撑着世界。”
弥林达王问：“尊者迦叶，如果大地支撑着世界，那么为什么堕入无间地狱的众生要穿过大地才能到达那里呢？”
听到这个问题，富兰那迦叶既无法吞咽口水，也无法吐出来，他低着头，沉默不语，像火烧一样焦虑地坐着。

7. Atha kho milindo rājā makkhaliṃ gosālaṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthi, bhante gosāla, kusalākusalāni kammāni, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko’’ti? ‘‘Natthi, mahārāja, kusalākusalāni kammāni, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko. Ye te, mahārāja, idha loke khattiyā, te paralokaṃ gantvāpi puna khattiyāva bhavissanti, ye te brāhmaṇā vessā suddā caṇḍālā pukkusā, te paralokaṃ gantvāpi puna brāhmaṇā vessā suddā caṇḍālā pukkusāva bhavissanti. Kiṃ kusalākusalehi kammehī’’ti? ‘‘Yadi, bhante gosāla, idha loke khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā caṇḍālā pukkusā, te paralokaṃ gantvāpi puna khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā caṇḍālā pukkusāva bhavissanti, natthi kusalākusalehi kammehi karaṇīyaṃ. Tena hi, bhante gosāla, ye te idha loke hatthacchinnā, te paralokaṃ gantvāpi puna hatthacchinnāva bhavissanti. Ye pādacchinnā, te pādacchinnāva bhavissanti. Ye hatthapādacchinnā, te hatthapādacchinnāva bhavissanti. Ye kaṇṇacchinnā, te kaṇṇacchinnāva bhavissanti. Ye nāsacchinnā, te nāsacchinnāva bhavissanti. Ye kaṇṇanāsacchinnā, te kaṇṇanāsacchinnāva bhavissantī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte gosālo tuṇhī ahosi.

Atha kho milindassa rañño etadahosi ‘‘tuccho vata bho jambudīpo, palāpo vata bho jambudīpo, natthi koci samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, yo mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ sakkoti kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti.

Atha kho milindo rājā amacce āmantesi ‘‘ramaṇīyā vata bho dosinā ratti, kaṃ nu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkameyyāma pañhaṃ pucchituṃ, ko mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ sakkoti kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti? Evaṃ vutte amaccā tuṇhībhūtā rañño mukhaṃ olokayamānā aṭṭhaṃsu.

Tena kho pana samayena sāgalanagaraṃ dvādasa vassāni suññaṃ ahosi samaṇabrāhmaṇagahapatipaṇḍitehi, yattha samaṇabrāhmaṇagahapatipaṇḍitā paṭivasantīti suṇāti, tattha gantvā rājā te pañhaṃ pucchati, te sabbepi pañhavisajjanena rājānaṃ ārādhetuṃ asakkontā yena vā tena vā pakkamanti. Ye aññaṃ disaṃ na pakkamanti, te sabbe tuṇhībhūtā acchanti. Bhikkhū pana yebhuyyena himavantameva gacchanti.



7.
弥林达王问末伽梨瞿舍梨：“尊者瞿舍梨，善业和恶业存在吗？善行和恶行有果报吗？”
末伽梨瞿舍梨回答：“大王，没有善业和恶业，也没有善行和恶行的果报。大王，那些今生是刹帝利的，来世还是刹帝利；那些是婆罗门的、首陀罗的、旃陀罗的、卑贱的，来世也还是婆罗门、首陀罗、旃陀罗、卑贱的。善恶之业有何用呢？”
弥林达王说：“尊者瞿舍梨，如果今生是刹帝利、婆罗门、首陀罗、旃陀罗、卑贱的，来世还是刹帝利、婆罗门、首陀罗、旃陀罗、卑贱的，那么善恶之业就毫无意义了。照这么说，尊者瞿舍梨，那些今生断手的，来世还是断手的；那些断脚的，来世还是断脚的；那些断手断脚的，来世还是断手断脚的；那些断耳的，来世还是断耳的；那些断鼻的，来世还是断鼻的；那些断耳断鼻的，来世还是断耳断鼻的。”
听到这话，末伽梨瞿舍梨沉默不语。
弥林达王心想：“阎浮提真是空虚啊！阎浮提真是贫瘠啊！没有一个沙门或婆罗门能够与我交谈，解答我的疑问。”
于是，弥林达王对大臣们说：“夜晚真是美好啊！诸位，我们去找哪位沙门或婆罗门提问呢？谁能与我交谈，解答我的疑问？”大臣们都沉默不语，只是看着国王的脸。
那时，舍卫城十二年来都没有沙门、婆罗门、居士和学者了。国王听说哪里有沙门、婆罗门、居士和学者居住，就去那里提问。但是，所有的人都无法回答国王的问题，都纷纷离去。那些没有离开的，也都沉默不语。大多数比丘都去了喜马拉雅山。

8. Tena kho pana samayena koṭisatā arahanto himavante pabbate rakkhitatale paṭivasanti. Atha kho āyasmā assagutto dibbāya sotadhātuyā milindassa rañño vacanaṃ sutvā yugandharamatthake bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātetvā bhikkhū pucchi ‘‘atthāvuso koci bhikkhu paṭibalo milindena raññā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti?

Evaṃ vutte koṭisatā arahanto tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Dutiyampi tatiyampi puṭṭhā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho āyasmā assagutto bhikkhusaṅghaṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthāvuso tāvatiṃsabhavane vejayantassa pācīnato ketumatī nāma vimānaṃ, tattha mahāseno nāma devaputto paṭivasati, so paṭibalo tena milindena raññā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti.

Atha kho koṭisatā arahanto yugandharapabbate antarahitā tāvatiṃsabhavane pāturahesuṃ. Addasā kho sakko devānamindo te bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante, disvāna yenāyasmā assagutto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi, ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ etadavoca ‘‘mahā kho, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho anuppatto, ahaṃ saṅghassa ārāmiko, kenattho, kiṃ mayā karaṇīya’’nti?

Atha kho āyasmā assagutto sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ kho, mahārāja, jambudīpe sāgalanagare milindo nāma rājā vitaṇḍavādī durāsado duppasaho puthutitthakarānaṃ aggamakkhāyati, so bhikkhusaṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā diṭṭhivādena pañhaṃ pucchitvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ viheṭhetī’’ti.

Atha kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ kho, bhante, milindo rājā ito cuto manussesu uppanno, eso kho, bhante, ketumativimāne mahāseno nāma devaputto paṭivasati, so paṭibalo tena milindena raññā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetuṃ, taṃ devaputtaṃ yācissāma manussalokūpapattiyā’’ti.

Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhikkhusaṅghaṃ purakkhatvā ketumativimānaṃ pavisitvā mahāsenaṃ devaputtaṃ āliṅgitvā etadavoca ‘‘yācati taṃ, mārisa, bhikkhusaṅgho manussalokūpapattiyā’’ti. ‘‘Na me, bhante, manussalokenattho kammabahulena, tibbo manussaloko, idhevāhaṃ, bhante, devaloke uparūparūpapattiko hutvā parinibbāyissāmī’’ti. Dutiyampi…pe… tatiyampi kho sakkena devānamindena yācito mahāseno devaputto evamāha ‘‘na me, bhante, manussalokenattho kammabahulena, tibbo manussaloko, idhevāhaṃ, bhante, devaloke uparūparūpapattiko hutvā parinibbāyissāmī’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā assagutto mahāsenaṃ devaputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idha mayaṃ, mārisa, sadevakaṃ lokaṃ anuvilokayamānā aññatra tayā milindassa rañño vādaṃ bhinditvā sāsanaṃ paggahetuṃ samatthaṃ aññaṃ kañci na passāma, yācati taṃ, mārisa, bhikkhusaṅgho, sādhu sappurisa manussaloke nibbattitvā dasabalassa sāsanaṃ paggaṇhāhī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte mahāseno devaputto ‘‘ahaṃ kira milindassa rañño vādaṃ bhinditvā buddhasāsanaṃ paggahetuṃ samattho bhavissāmī’’ti haṭṭhapahaṭṭho udaggudaggo hutvā ‘‘sādhu, bhante, manussaloke uppajjissāmī’’ti paṭiññaṃ adāsi.



8.
那时，有一亿阿罗汉住在喜马拉雅山的山洞里。尊者阿输迦通过天耳通听到了弥林达王的话，在犍陀罗山顶召集了比丘僧团，并问比丘们：“诸位，有没有哪位比丘有能力与弥林达王交谈，解答他的疑问？”
众比丘都沉默不语。尊者阿输迦第二次、第三次问，他们仍然沉默不语。于是尊者阿输迦对比丘僧团说：“诸位，在忉利天韦阇延陀宫的东面，有一座名叫‘胜幢’的宫殿，那里住着一位名叫大犀那的天神，他有能力与弥林达王交谈，解答他的疑问。”
于是，一亿阿罗汉从犍陀罗山消失，出现在忉利天。帝释天远远地看到比丘们来了，便去迎接尊者阿输迦。他向尊者阿输迦顶礼后，站在一旁说：“这么多比丘来了，我是僧团的侍者，有什么事需要我做吗？”
尊者阿输迦对帝释天说：“大王，在阎浮提的舍卫城，有一位名叫弥林达的国王，他喜欢诡辩，难以接近，难以应付，被认为是所有外道的征服者。他去到比丘僧团那里，用邪见提问，扰乱僧团。”
帝释天对尊者阿输迦说：“尊者，这位弥林达王是从这里去世后转生为人的。在胜幢宫里住着一位名叫大犀那的天神，他有能力与弥林达王交谈，解答他的疑问。我们请求这位天神降生到人间吧。”
于是，帝释天带领着比丘僧团，进入胜幢宫，拥抱了大犀那天神，说：“天神，比丘僧团请求你降生到人间。”大犀那天神说：“我不想到人间去，人间充满各种事务，太辛苦了。我就在这里，在天界获得种种神通后般涅槃。”帝释天第二次……乃至第三次请求，大犀那天神仍然说：“我不想到人间去，人间充满各种事务，太辛苦了。我就在这里，在天界获得种种神通后般涅槃。”
于是，尊者阿输迦对大犀那天神说：“天神，我们观察了整个世界，除了你之外，没有其他人能够驳倒弥林达王的邪见，护持佛陀的教法。天神，比丘僧团请求你，善男子啊，请你降生到人间，护持十力尊者的教法吧！”
听到这话，大犀那天神非常高兴，欣喜若狂，说道：“我能够驳倒弥林达王的邪见，护持佛陀的教法。”他答应道：“好，尊者，我将降生到人间。”

9. Atha kho te bhikkhū devaloke taṃ karaṇīyaṃ tīretvā devesu tāvatiṃsesu antarahitā himavante pabbate rakkhitatale pāturahesuṃ.

Atha kho āyasmā assagutto bhikkhusaṅghaṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthāvuso, imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe koci bhikkhu sannipātaṃ anāgato’’ti. Evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthi, bhante , āyasmā rohaṇo ito sattame divase himavantaṃ pabbataṃ pavisitvā nirodhaṃ samāpanno, tassa santike dūtaṃ pāhethā’’ti. Āyasmāpi rohaṇo taṅkhaṇaññeva nirodhā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘saṅgho maṃ paṭimānetī’’ti himavante pabbate antarahito rakkhitatale koṭisatānaṃ arahantānaṃ purato pāturahosi.

Atha kho āyasmā assagutto āyasmantaṃ rohaṇaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, rohaṇa buddhasāsane bhijjante [palujjante (sī. pī.)] na passasi saṅghassa karaṇīyānī’’ti. ‘‘Amanasikāro me, bhante, ahosī’’ti.

‘‘Tena , hāvuso rohaṇa, daṇḍakammaṃ karohī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ, bhante, karomī’’ti? ‘‘Atthāvuso rohaṇa, himavantapabbatapasse gajaṅgalaṃ[kajaṅgalaṃ (sī. pī.)] nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tattha soṇuttaro nāma brāhmaṇo paṭivasati, tassa putto uppajjissati nāgasenoti nāma dārako, tena hi tvaṃ, āvuso rohaṇa, dasamāsādhikāni satta vassāni taṃ kulaṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā nāgasenaṃ dārakaṃ nīharitvā pabbājehi, pabbajiteva tasmiṃ daṇḍakammato muccissasī’’ti. Āyasmāpi kho rohaṇo ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchi.



9.
比丘们在天界办完事后，从忉利天消失，出现在喜马拉雅山的山洞里。
尊者阿输迦对比丘僧团说：“诸位，这次僧团集会，有没有比丘没来？”
一位比丘回答尊者阿输迦说：“尊者，有。尊者罗睺那七天前进入喜马拉雅山，进入灭尽定。您可以派人去通知他。”尊者罗睺那立刻从灭尽定中醒来，心想：“僧团在叫我。”他从喜马拉雅山消失，出现在一亿阿罗汉面前的山洞里。
尊者阿输迦对尊者罗睺那说：“尊者罗睺那，佛陀的教法正在衰落，你难道没有看到僧团需要做的事情吗？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“尊者，我当时没有用心。”
尊者阿输迦说：“尊者罗睺那，那你接受惩罚吧。”
尊者罗睺那问：“尊者，我该做什么？”
尊者阿输迦说：“尊者罗睺那，在喜马拉雅山脚下，有一个名叫象野的婆罗门村，那里住着一位名叫苏讷陀的婆罗门。他将会有一个儿子，名叫那伽犀那。尊者罗睺那，你去他家接受供养七年零十个月，然后带走那伽犀那，让他出家。他出家后，你的惩罚就结束了。”
尊者罗睺那答应道：“好。”

10. Mahāsenopi kho devaputto devalokā cavitvā soṇuttarabrāhmaṇassa bhariyāya kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi, saha paṭisandhiggahaṇā tayo acchariyā abbhutā dhammā pāturahesuṃ, āvudhabhaṇḍāni pajjaliṃsu, aggasassaṃ abhinipphannaṃ, mahāmegho abhippavassi. Āyasmāpi kho rohaṇo tassa paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāya dasamāsādhikāni satta vassāni taṃ kulaṃ piṇḍāya pavisanto ekadivasampi kaṭacchumattaṃ bhattaṃ vā uḷuṅkamattaṃ yāguṃ vā abhivādanaṃ vā añjalikammaṃ vā sāmīcikammaṃ vā nālattha, atha kho akkosaññeva paribhāsaññeva paṭilabhati ‘‘aticchatha bhante’’ti vacanamattampi vattā nāma nāhosi, dasamāsādhikānaṃ pana sattannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena ekadivasaṃ ‘‘aticchatha bhante’’ti vacanamattaṃ alattha. Taṃ divasameva brāhmaṇopi bahi kammantā āgacchanto paṭipathe theraṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ, bho pabbajita, amhākaṃ gehaṃ agamitthā’’ti āha. ‘‘Āma, brāhmaṇa, agamamhā’’ti. ‘‘Api kiñci labhitthā’’ti. ‘‘Āma, brāhmaṇa, labhimhā’’ti. So anattamano gehaṃ gantvā pucchi ‘‘tassa pabbajitassa kiñci adatthā’’ti. ‘‘Na kiñci adamhā’’ti. Brāhmaṇo dutiyadivase gharadvāre yeva nisīdi ‘‘ajja pabbajitaṃ musāvādena niggahessāmī’’ti. Thero dutiyadivase brāhmaṇassa gharadvāraṃ sampatto.

Brāhmaṇo theraṃ disvāva evamāha ‘‘tumhe hiyyo amhākaṃ gehe kiñci alabhitvāva ‘‘labhimhā’’ti avocuttha, vaṭṭati nu kho tumhākaṃ musāvādo’’ti. Thero āha ‘‘mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa, tumhākaṃ gehe ( ) [(pavisantā) (ka.)] dasamāsādhikāni satta vassāni ‘aticchathā’ti vacanamattampi alabhitvā hiyyo ‘aticchathā’ti vacanamattaṃ labhimhā, athetaṃ vācāpaṭisandhāraṃ [paṭisantāraṃ (sī. pī.)] upādāya evamavocumhā’’ti.

Brāhmaṇo cintesi ‘‘ime vācāpaṭisandhāramattampi labhitvā janamajjhe ‘labhimhā’ti pasaṃsanti, aññaṃ kiñci khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā labhitvā kasmā nappasaṃsantī’’ti pasīditvā attano atthāya paṭiyāditabhattato kaṭacchubhikkhaṃ, tadupiyañca byañjanaṃ dāpetvā ‘‘imaṃ bhikkhaṃ sabbakālaṃ tumhe labhissathā’’ti āha.

So punadivasato pabhuti upasaṅkamantassa therassa upasamaṃ disvā bhiyyoso mattāya pasīditvā theraṃ niccakālaṃ attano ghare bhattavissaggakaraṇatthāya yāci. Thero tuṇhībhāvena adhivāsetvā divase divase bhattakiccaṃ katvā gacchanto thokaṃ thokaṃ buddhavacanaṃ kathetvā gacchati. Sāpi kho brāhmaṇī dasamāsaccayena puttaṃ vijāyi, ‘‘nāgaseno’’tissa nāmamakaṃsu, so anukkamena vaḍḍhanto sattavassiko jāto.



10.
大犀那天神从天界去世后，投生到苏讷陀婆罗门的妻子腹中。伴随着他的投胎，出现了三个奇异的、不可思议的现象：武器闪耀光芒，屋顶上出现火焰，下起了倾盆大雨。尊者罗睺那从大犀那天神投胎那天起，七年零十个月都去婆罗门家接受供养，却从未得到过一口饭、一勺粥、一句问候、一次合掌礼敬或任何招待。他只得到过辱骂和呵斥，甚至连一句“请便，尊者”这样的话都没有。直到七年零十个月后的一天，他才听到了一句“请便，尊者”。
就在那天，婆罗门外出办事回来，在路上看到长老，问道：“喂，出家人，你去过我家吗？”
长老回答：“是的，婆罗门，我去过。”
婆罗门问：“你得到什么了吗？”
长老回答：“是的，婆罗门，我得到了。”
婆罗门很不高兴地回到家，问道：“你们给那位出家人什么了吗？”
家人回答：“我们什么也没给。”
第二天，婆罗门坐在家门口，心想：“今天我要揭穿这个出家人的谎言。”
第二天，长老来到婆罗门家门口。婆罗门一看到长老就说：“你们什么也没从我家得到，却说‘得到了’，你们撒谎了吧？”
长老回答：“婆罗门，我们去你家七年零十个月，连一句‘请便’都没得到，今天才得到一句‘请便’，我们正是根据这句回话才这么说的。”
婆罗门心想：“他们只得到一句回话就在众人面前夸耀‘得到了’，如果得到食物之类的，他们岂不更要夸耀？”他感到很惭愧，于是让人准备了一钵食物和一些菜肴，对长老说：“以后你每天都能得到这些食物。”
从那天起，婆罗门看到长老来应供，心里更加欢喜，于是请求长老每天都在他家接受供养。长老默许了。长老每天来接受供养后，都会讲一些佛法。十个月后，婆罗门妻子生下了一个儿子，取名为那伽犀那。他渐渐长大，到了七岁。

11. Atha kho nāgasenassa dārakassa pitā nāgasenaṃ dārakaṃ etadavoca ‘‘imasmiṃ kho , tāta nāgasena, brāhmaṇakule sikkhāni sikkheyyāsī’’ti. ‘‘Katamāni, tāta, imasmiṃ brāhmaṇakule sikkhāni nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Tayo kho, tāta nāgasena, vedā sikkhāni nāma, avasesāni sippāni sippaṃ nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, tāta, sikkhissāmī’’ti.

Atha kho soṇuttaro brāhmaṇo ācariyabrāhmaṇassa ācariyabhāgaṃ sahassaṃ datvā antopāsāde ekasmiṃ gabbhe ekato mañcakaṃ paññapetvā ācariyabrāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sajjhāpehi kho, tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, imaṃ dārakaṃ mantānīti. Tena hi ‘tāta dāraka’ uggaṇhāhi mantānī’’ti. Ācariyabrāhmaṇo sajjhāyati nāgasenassa dārakassa ekeneva uddesena tayo vedā hadayaṅgatā vācuggatā sūpadhāritā suvavatthāpitā sumanasikatā ahesuṃ, sakimeva cakkhuṃ udapādi tīsu vedesu sanighaṇḍukeṭubhesu [sanighaṇṭukeṭubhesu (ka.)] sākkharappabhedesu itihāsapañcamesu padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo ahosi.

Atha kho nāgaseno dārako pitaraṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthi nu kho, tāta, imasmiṃ brāhmaṇakule ito uttarimpi sikkhitabbāni, udāhu ettakānevā’’ti. ‘‘Natthi, tāta nāgasena, imasmiṃ brāhmaṇakule ito uttariṃ sikkhitabbāni, ettakāneva sikkhitabbānī’’ti.

Atha kho nāgaseno dārako ācariyassa anuyogaṃ datvā pāsādā oruyha pubbavāsanāya coditahadayo rahogato paṭisallīno attano sippassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ olokento ādimhi vā majjhe vā pariyosāne vā appamattakampi sāraṃ adisvā ‘‘tucchā vata bho ime vedā, palāpā vata bho ime vedā asārā nissārā’’ti vippaṭisārī anattamano ahosi.



11.
那伽犀那的父亲对他说：“孩子，你应该学习婆罗门家族的学问。”
那伽犀那问：“父亲，婆罗门家族的学问是什么？”
父亲回答：“孩子，三部吠陀就是学问，其余的都只是技艺。”
那伽犀那说：“好的，父亲，我学习。”
于是，苏讷陀婆罗门给老师一千个金币作为学费，在房子里布置了一个房间，在里面放了一张床，然后对老师说：“婆罗门，请你教导这个孩子学习咒语。孩子，你要认真学习咒语。”老师开始教导那伽犀那，仅仅一遍讲解，他就熟记了三部吠陀，理解了其中的含义，能够流利地背诵，铭记于心，融会贯通。他很快就在三部吠陀的奥义、细微之处、疑难之处、历史传说以及语法、修辞、世俗论和大丈夫相等方面，精通无碍。
之后，那伽犀那问父亲：“父亲，婆罗门家族的学问还有更高深的需要学习的吗？还是就这些？”
父亲回答：“孩子，婆罗门家族的学问就这些，没有更高深的需要学习的了。”
那伽犀那向老师告别后，登上楼顶，由于前世宿命的缘故，他内心苦闷，静坐下来思考自己所学知识的始终。他发现这些知识从头到尾都没有丝毫的意义，于是他感到非常失望，心想：“吠陀真是空虚啊！吠陀真是贫瘠啊！吠陀没有意义，没有价值！”

12. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā rohaṇo vattaniye senāsane nisinno nāgasenassa dārakassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya vattaniye senāsane antarahito gajaṅgalabrāhmaṇagāmassa purato pāturahosi. Addasā kho nāgaseno dārako attano dvārakoṭṭhake ṭhito āyasmantaṃ rohaṇaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna attamano udaggo pamudito pītisomanassajāto ‘‘appeva nāmāyaṃ pabbajito kañci sāraṃ jāneyyā’’ti yenāyasmā rohaṇo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ rohaṇaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho, tvaṃ mārisa, ediso bhaṇḍukāsāvavasano’’ti. ‘‘Pabbajito [pāpakānaṃ malānaṃ pabbājetuṃ pabbajito (sī. pī.)] nāmāhaṃ dārakā’’ti. ‘‘Kena, tvaṃ mārisa, pabbajito nāmāsī’’ti? ‘‘Pāpakāni malāni pabbājeti, tasmāhaṃ, dāraka, pabbajito nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃkāraṇā, mārisa, kesā te na yathā aññesa’’nti ? ‘‘Soḷasime, dāraka, palibodhe disvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā pabbajito. ‘‘Katame soḷasa’’? ‘‘Alaṅkārapalibodho maṇḍanapalibodho telamakkhanapalibodho dhovanapalibodho mālāpalibodho gandhapalibodho vāsanapalibodho harīṭakapalibodho āmalakapalibodho raṅgapalibodho bandhanapalibodho kocchapalibodho kappakapalibodho vijaṭanapalibodho ūkāpalibodho, kesesu vilūnesu socanti kilamanti paridevanti urattāḷiṃ kandanti sammohaṃ āpajjanti, imesu kho, dāraka, soḷasasu palibodhesu paliguṇṭhitā manussā sabbāni atisukhumāni sippāni nāsentī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃkāraṇā, mārisa, vatthānipi te na yathā aññesa’’nti? ‘‘Kāmanissitāni kho, dāraka, vatthāni, kāmanissitāni gihibyañjanabhaṇḍāni [kamanīyāni gihibyañjanāni (sī. pī.)], yāni kānici kho bhayāni vatthato uppajjanti, tāni kāsāvavasanassa na honti, tasmā vatthānipi me na yathā aññesa’’nti. ‘‘Jānāsi kho, tvaṃ mārisa, sippāni nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, dāraka, jānāmahaṃ sippāni, yaṃ loke uttamaṃ mantaṃ, tampi jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Mayhampi taṃ, mārisa, dātuṃ sakkā’’ti? ‘‘Āma, dāraka, sakkā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi me dehī’’ti. ‘‘Akālo kho, dāraka, antaragharaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhamhā’’ti.

Atha kho nāgaseno dārako āyasmato rohaṇassa hatthato pattaṃ gahetvā gharaṃ pavesetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā āyasmantaṃ rohaṇaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ etadavoca ‘‘dehi me dāni, mārisa, manta’’nti. ‘‘Yadā kho tvaṃ, dāraka, nippalibodho hutvā mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā mayā gahitaṃ pabbajitavesaṃ gaṇhissasi, tadā dassāmī’’ti āha.

Atha kho nāgaseno dārako mātāpitaro upasaṅkamitvā āha ‘‘ammatātā, ayaṃ pabbajito ‘yaṃ loke uttamaṃ mantaṃ, taṃ jānāmī’ti vadati, na ca attano santike apabbajitassa deti, ahaṃ etassa santike pabbajitvā taṃ uttamaṃ mantaṃ uggaṇhissāmī’’ti. Athassa mātāpitaro ‘‘pabbajitvāpi no putto mantaṃ gaṇhatu, gahetvā puna āgacchissatī’’ti maññamānā ‘‘gaṇha puttā’’ti anujāniṃsu.



12.
那时，尊者罗睺那坐在应供的座位上，以他心通得知了那伽犀那的心意。他拿起衣钵，从应供的座位上消失，出现在象野婆罗门村的前面。那伽犀那站在自家门口，远远地看到尊者罗睺那走来，内心欢喜踊跃，充满喜悦，心想：“这位出家人或许知道一些真谛。”他走到尊者罗睺那面前，问道：“这位先生，你穿这样的红褐色衣服，是什么人？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“孩子，我是出家人。”
那伽犀那问：“先生，你为什么是出家人？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“出家人是为了去除不善的污垢，所以我才叫出家人，孩子。”
那伽犀那问：“先生，你的头发为什么和别人不一样？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“孩子，我是在第十六次烦恼后，剃除须发而出家的。”
那伽犀那问：“哪十六种？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“装饰的烦恼、打扮的烦恼、涂抹油脂的烦恼、洗浴的烦恼、戴花鬘的烦恼、涂香的烦恼、熏香的烦恼、诃梨勒的烦恼、余甘子的烦恼、染色的烦恼、扎结的烦恼、缝纫的烦恼、修补的烦恼、梳理的烦恼、捉虱子的烦恼。人们为了头发的打理而忧愁苦恼、悲痛哭泣、捶胸顿足、哀号恸哭，甚至昏厥过去。孩子，人们被这十六种烦恼所困扰，就无法学习任何精妙的技艺。”
那伽犀那问：“先生，你的衣服为什么也和别人不一样？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“孩子，世俗的衣服和居家所需的各种物品都与欲望有关。袈裟不会带来由衣服引起的恐惧，所以我穿的衣服和别人不一样。”
那伽犀那问：“先生，你知道什么是学问吗？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“是的，孩子，我知道学问。我还知道世上最好的咒语。”
那伽犀那问：“先生，你能把它给我吗？”
尊者罗睺那回答：“可以，孩子。”
那伽犀那说：“那就给我吧。”
尊者罗睺那回答：“孩子，现在还不是时候，我正要去你家接受供养。”
于是，那伽犀那接过尊者罗睺那的钵，把他领进屋里，用精美的食物让他吃饱喝足，服侍周到。等尊者罗睺那吃完饭，放下钵后，那伽犀那说：“先生，现在把咒语给我吧。”
尊者罗睺那回答：“孩子，等你没有烦恼，得到父母的允许，穿上我给你的袈裟后，我就会告诉你。”
于是，那伽犀那去见父母，说：“爸爸妈妈，这位出家人说他知道世上最好的咒语，但是他不肯告诉我。我要在他那里出家，学习这最好的咒语。”他的父母心想：“即使出家，我们的儿子也能得到咒语，得到后再回来。”于是他们同意了，说：“去吧，孩子。”

13. Atha kho āyasmā rohaṇo nāgasenaṃ dārakaṃ ādāya yena vattaniyaṃ senāsanaṃ, yena vijambhavatthu tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā vijambhavatthusmiṃ senāsane ekarattaṃ vasitvā yena rakkhitatalaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā koṭisatānaṃ arahantānaṃ majjhe nāgasenaṃ dārakaṃ pabbājesi. Pabbajito ca panāyasmā nāgaseno āyasmantaṃ rohaṇaṃ etadavoca ‘‘gahito me, bhante, tava veso, detha me dāni manta’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā rohaṇo ‘‘kimhi nu khohaṃ nāgasenaṃ vineyyaṃ paṭhamaṃ vinaye vā suttante vā abhidhamme vā’’ti cintetvā ‘‘paṇḍito kho ayaṃ nāgaseno, sakkoti sukheneva abhidhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitu’’nti paṭhamaṃ abhidhamme vinesi.

Āyasmā ca nāgaseno ‘‘kusalā dhammā, akusalā dhammā, abyākatā dhammā’’ti tikadukapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ dhammasaṅgaṇīpakaraṇaṃ, khandhavibhaṅgādi aṭṭhārasa vibhaṅgapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ, ‘‘saṅgaho asaṅgaho’’ti ādinā cuddasavidhena vibhattaṃ dhātukathāpakaraṇaṃ, ‘‘khandhapaññatti āyatanapaññattī’’ti ādinā chabbidhena vibhattaṃ puggalapaññattippakaraṇaṃ, sakavāde pañcasuttasatāni paravāde pañcasuttasatānīti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā vibhattaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ, ‘‘mūlayamakaṃ khandhayamaka’’nti ādinā dasavidhena vibhattaṃ yamakappakaraṇaṃ, ‘‘hetupaccayo ārammaṇapaccayo’’ti ādinā catuvīsatividhena vibhattaṃ paṭṭhānappakaraṇanti sabbaṃ taṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ ekeneva sajjhāyena paguṇaṃ katvā ‘‘tiṭṭhatha bhante, na puna osāretha, ettakenevāhaṃ sajjhāyissāmī’’ti āha.

14. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno yena koṭisatā arahanto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā koṭisate arahante etadavoca ‘‘ahaṃ kho bhante ‘kusalā dhammā, akusalā dhammā , abyākatā dhammā’ti imesu tīsu padesu pakkhipitvā sabbaṃ taṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ vitthārena osāressāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, nāgasena, osārehī’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno satta māsāni satta pakaraṇāni vitthārena osāresi, pathavī unnadi, devatā sādhukāramadaṃsu, brahmāno apphoṭesuṃ, dibbāni candanacuṇṇāni dibbāni ca mandāravapupphāni abhippavassiṃsu.



13.
于是，尊者罗睺那带着那伽犀那来到应供的座位，也就是他的住处。在那里住了一晚后，尊者罗睺那来到山洞，在一亿阿罗汉面前，让那伽犀那出家。尊者那伽犀那出家后，对尊者罗睺那说：“尊者，我已经穿上了你的袈裟，现在请把咒语给我吧。”尊者罗睺那心想：“我应该先教那伽犀那什么？律藏、经藏还是论藏呢？”他想到：“那伽犀那很聪明，能够轻松地掌握论藏。”于是，他先教那伽犀那论藏。
尊者那伽犀那用一遍就记住了整个论藏：以“善法、不善法、无记法”三组双字为纲领的法集论；以蕴处界等十八种分析为纲领的分别论；以“有为、无为”等十四种方法分析的界论；以“蕴假名、处假名”等六种方法分析的假名论；以五百个自己一方提出的论题和五百个对方提出的论题，总共一千个论题分析的论事论；以“根论、蕴论”等十种方法分析的对论；以“因缘、所缘缘”等二十四种方法分析的缘论。尊者那伽犀那背诵完整个论藏后，说道：“尊者，请停下来，不要再念了，我就背诵这些就够了。”
14.
之后，尊者那伽犀那去到一亿阿罗汉面前，对他们说：“尊者们，我可以用‘善法、不善法、无记法’这三个范畴，详细地解释整个论藏。”阿罗汉们说：“好，那伽犀那，你解释吧。”
于是，尊者那伽犀那用七个月的时间，详细地解释了七部论著。大地为之震动，天神们齐声赞

15. Atha kho koṭisatā arahanto āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ paripuṇṇavīsativassaṃ rakkhitatale upasampādesuṃ. Upasampanno ca panāyasmā nāgaseno tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya upajjhāyena saddhiṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisanto evarūpaṃ parivitakkaṃ uppādesi ‘‘tuccho vata me upajjhāyo, bālo vata me upajjhāyo, ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ paṭhamaṃ maṃ abhidhamme vinesī’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā rohaṇo āyasmato nāgasenassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ananucchavikaṃ kho nāgasena parivitakkaṃ vitakkesi, na kho panetaṃ nāgasena tavānucchavika’’nti.

Atha kho āyasmato nāgasenassa etadahosi ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho, yatra hi nāma me upajjhāyo cetasā cetoparivitakkaṃ jānissati, paṇḍito vata me upajjhāyo, yaṃnūnāhaṃ upajjhāyaṃ khamāpeyya’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno āyasmantaṃ rohaṇaṃ etadavoca ‘‘khamatha me, bhante, na puna evarūpaṃ vitakkessāmī’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā rohaṇo āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘na kho tyāhaṃ nāgasena ettāvatā khamāmi, atthi kho nāgasena sāgalaṃ nāma nagaraṃ, tattha milindo nāma rājā rajjaṃ kāreti, so diṭṭhivādena pañhaṃ pucchitvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ viheṭheti, sace tvaṃ tattha gantvā taṃ rājānaṃ dametvā buddhasāsane pasādessasi, evāhaṃ taṃ khamissāmī’’ti.

‘‘Tiṭṭhatu, bhante, eko milindo rājā; sace, bhante, sakalajambudīpe sabbe rājāno āgantvā maṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyuṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ visajjetvā sampadālessāmi, ‘khamatha me bhante’ti vatvā, ‘na khamāmī’ti vutte ‘tena hi, bhante, imaṃ temāsaṃ kassa santike vasissāmī’ti āha’’ . Ayaṃ kho, nāgasena, āyasmā assagutto vattaniye senāsane viharati, gaccha tvaṃ, nāgasena, yenāyasmā assagutto tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena āyasmato assaguttassa pāde sirasā vanda, evañca naṃ vadehi ‘upajjhāyo me, bhante, tumhākaṃ pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchati, upajjhāyo me, bhante, imaṃ temāsaṃ tumhākaṃ santike vasituṃ maṃ pahiṇī’ti , ‘konāmo te upajjhāyo’ti ca vutte ‘rohaṇatthero nāma bhante’’ti vadeyyāsi, ‘ahaṃ konāmo’ti vutte evaṃ vadeyyāsi ‘mama upajjhāyo, bhante, tumhākaṃ nāmaṃ jānātī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho āyasmā nāgaseno āyasmantaṃ rohaṇaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pattacīvaramādāya anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena vattaniyaṃ senāsanaṃ, yenāyasmā assagutto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi, ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho āyasmā nāgaseno āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ etadavoca ‘‘upajjhāyo me, bhante, tumhākaṃ pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchati, upajjhāyo me, bhante, imaṃ temāsaṃ tumhākaṃ santike vasituṃ maṃ pahiṇī’’ti.

Atha kho āyasmā assagutto āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘tvaṃ kinnāmosī’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ, bhante, nāgaseno nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Konāmo te upajjhāyo’’ti? ‘‘Upajjhāyo me, bhante, rohaṇo nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ konāmo’’ti. ‘‘Upajjhāyo me, bhante, tumhākaṃ nāmaṃ jānātī’’ti.


15.
于是，一亿阿罗汉在山洞里为二十岁的尊者那伽犀那举行了更高等级的具足戒仪式。尊者那伽犀那受具足戒后的第二天早上，他拿着衣钵和戒师一起去村里托钵乞食。路上，他心里想：“我的戒师真是空洞无物啊！我的戒师真是愚蠢啊！他放着其余的佛法不教，却先教我论藏。”
尊者罗睺那以他心通得知了尊者那伽犀那的心意，便对他说：“那伽犀那，你的想法很不恰当，这对你来说是不合适的。”
尊者那伽犀那心想：“真是不可思议啊！我的戒师竟然能知道我的想法。我的戒师真是有智慧啊！我应该请求戒师原谅。”于是，尊者那伽犀那对尊者罗睺那说：“尊者，请原谅我，我以后不会再这样想了。”
尊者罗睺那对尊者那伽犀那说：“那伽犀那，我不会轻易地原谅你。在舍卫城，有一位名叫弥林达的国王，他用邪见提问，扰乱僧团。如果你能去那里降伏国王，让他皈依佛法，我就原谅你。”
尊者那伽犀那说：“且不说一个弥林达王，就算全阎浮提所有的国王都来问我问题，我也能一一解答清楚。“请原谅我，尊者。”尊者罗睺那说：“我不原谅你。”尊者那伽犀那又问：“那么，尊者，这三个月我应该待在谁那里呢？”尊者罗睺那说：“这位尊者阿输迦住在应供的座位上。你去尊者阿输迦那里，代我向他顶礼，并对他说：‘尊者，我的戒师向您顶礼，并问候您的健康和平安。我的戒师让我在这三个月里跟随您学习。’如果他问：‘你的戒师是谁？’你就回答：‘尊者，他叫罗睺那长老。’如果他问：‘你是谁？’你就回答：‘尊者，我的戒师知道您的名字。’”尊者那伽犀那向尊者罗睺那顶礼，右绕三匝后，拿着衣钵，次第乞食，来到尊者阿输迦居住的应供的座位。他向尊者阿输迦顶礼后，站在一旁说：“尊者，我的戒师向您顶礼，并问候您的健康和平安。我的戒师让我在这三个月里跟随您学习。”
尊者阿输迦问尊者那伽犀那：“你是谁？”
尊者那伽犀那回答：“尊者，我叫那伽犀那。”
尊者阿输迦问：“你的戒师是谁？”
尊者那伽犀那回答：“尊者，我的戒师叫罗睺那长老。”
尊者阿输迦问：“我是谁？”
尊者那伽犀那回答：“尊者，我的戒师知道您的名字。”


‘‘Sādhu, nāgasena, pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmehī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu bhante’’ti pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā punadivase pariveṇaṃ sammajjitvā mukhodakaṃ dantapoṇaṃ upaṭṭhapesi. Thero sammajjitaṭṭhānaṃ paṭisammajji, taṃ udakaṃ chaḍḍetvā aññaṃ udakaṃ āhari, tañca dantakaṭṭhaṃ apanetvā aññaṃ dantakaṭṭhaṃ gaṇhi, na ālāpasallāpaṃ akāsi, evaṃ satta divasāni katvā sattame divase puna pucchitvā puna tena tatheva vutte vassavāsaṃ anujāni.

16. Tena kho pana samayena ekā mahāupāsikā āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ tiṃsamattāni vassāni upaṭṭhāsi. Atha kho sā mahāupāsikā temāsaccayena yenāyasmā assagutto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthi nu kho, tāta, tumhākaṃ santike añño bhikkhū’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, mahāupāsike, amhākaṃ santike nāgaseno nāma bhikkhū’’ti . ‘‘Tena hi, tāta assagutta, adhivāsehi nāgasenena saddhiṃ svātanāya bhatta’’nti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā assagutto tuṇhībhāvena.

Atha kho āyasmā assagutto tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā nāgasenena saddhiṃ pacchāsamaṇena yena mahāupāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sā mahāupāsikā āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ āyasmantañca nāgasenaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho āyasmā assagutto bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘tvaṃ, nāgasena, mahāupāsikāya anumodanaṃ karohī’’ti idaṃ vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

Atha kho sā mahāupāsikā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘mahallikā khohaṃ, tāta nāgasena, gambhīrāya dhammakathāya mayhaṃ anumodanaṃ karohī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno tassā mahāupāsikāya gambhīrāya dhammakathāya lokuttarāya suññatappaṭisaṃyuttāya anumodanaṃ akāsi. Atha kho tassā mahāupāsikāya tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti. Āyasmāpi kho nāgaseno tassā mahāupāsikāya anumodanaṃ katvā attanā desitaṃ dhammaṃ paccavekkhanto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā tasmiṃyeva āsane nisinno sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi.

Atha kho āyasmā assagutto maṇḍalamāḷe nisinno dvinnampi dhammacakkhupaṭilābhaṃ ñatvā sādhukāraṃ pavattesi ‘‘sādhu sādhu nāgasena, ekena kaṇḍappahārena dve mahākāyā padālitā’’ti, anekāni ca devatāsahassāni sādhukāraṃ pavattesuṃ.



15.
尊者阿输迦说：“好，那伽犀那，把你的衣钵放好。”尊者那伽犀那回答：“好的，尊者。”他放好衣钵，第二天打扫了寺院，并准备了漱口水和牙签。尊者阿输迦把打扫过的地方又打扫了一遍，把那伽犀那准备的漱口水倒掉，重新换了水，又把牙签换掉，一句话也没说。这样过了七天，第七天他又问了一遍同样的问题，那伽犀那仍然作了同样的回答。尊者阿输迦这才允许那伽犀那留下来过雨安居。
16.
那时，有一位大女居士三十年来一直在供养尊者阿输迦。三个月后，这位大女居士来到尊者阿输迦面前，说道：“长老，您的身边还有其他比丘吗？”尊者阿输迦回答：“大女居士，我的身边有一位名叫那伽犀那的比丘。”大女居士说：“那么，尊者阿输迦，请您允许我和那伽犀那一起供养您。”尊者阿输迦默许了。
第二天早上，尊者阿输迦起床后，拿着衣钵，带着尊者那伽犀那和侍者，前往大女居士的住所。到了之后，他们坐在准备好的座位上。大女居士用精美的食物和饮料，让尊者阿输迦和尊者那伽犀那吃饱喝足，服侍周到。尊者阿输迦吃完饭，放下衣钵后，对尊者那伽犀那说：“那伽犀那，你为大女居士做随喜功德吧。”说完，他就起身离开了。
大女居士对尊者那伽犀那说：“长老，我想听深奥的佛法，请为我开示。”于是，尊者那伽犀那为大女居士开示了深奥的佛法，讲述了出世间的、与空性相关的法义。大女居士就在座位上证得了清净无垢的法眼，明白了“凡是具有生灭法的，都具有寂灭法”的道理。尊者那伽犀那为大女居士做完随喜功德后，回顾自己刚才所讲的法，生起了观想，就在座位上证得了预流果。
尊者阿输迦坐在经行道上，知道了他们两人都证得了法眼，于是赞叹道：“善哉！善哉！那伽犀那，你用一段简短的开示，就让两位大人物（指大女居士和尊者那伽犀那自己）获得了圣果。”无数天神也齐声赞叹。

17. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno uṭṭhāyāsanā yenāyasmā assagutto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ āyasmā assagutto etadavoca ‘‘gaccha, tvaṃ nāgasena, pāṭaliputtaṃ, pāṭaliputtanagare asokārāme āyasmā dhammarakkhito paṭivasati, tassa santike buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇāhī’’ti. ‘‘Kīva dūro, bhante, ito pāṭaliputtanagara’’nti? ‘‘Yojanasatāni kho nāgasenā’’ti. ‘‘Dūro kho, bhante, maggo . Antarāmagge bhikkhā dullabhā, kathāhaṃ gamissāmī’’ti? ‘‘Gaccha, tvaṃ nāgasena, antarāmagge piṇḍapātaṃ labhissasi sālīnaṃ odanaṃ vigatakāḷakaṃ anekasūpaṃ anekabyañjana’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho āyasmā nāgaseno āyasmantaṃ assaguttaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pattacīvaramādāya yena pāṭaliputtaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi.

18. Tena kho pana samayena pāṭaliputtako seṭṭhi pañcahi sakaṭasatehi pāṭaliputtagāmimaggaṃ paṭipanno hoti. Addasā kho pāṭaliputtako seṭṭhi āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna yenāyasmā nāgaseno tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ abhivādetvā ‘‘kuhiṃ gacchasi tātā’’ti āha. ‘‘Pāṭaliputtaṃ gahapatī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu tāta, mayampi pāṭaliputtaṃ gacchāma. Amhehi saddhiṃ sukhaṃ gacchathā’’ti.

Atha kho pāṭaliputtako seṭṭhi āyasmato nāgasenassa iriyāpathe pasīditvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho pāṭaliputtako seṭṭhi āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kinnāmosi tvaṃ tātā’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ, gahapati, nāgaseno nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Jānāsi kho, tvaṃ tāta, buddhavacanaṃ nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Jānāmi khohaṃ, gahapati, abhidhammapadānī’’ti. ‘‘Lābhā no tāta, suladdhaṃ no tāta, ahampi kho, tāta, ābhidhammiko, tvampi ābhidhammiko, bhaṇa, tāta, abhidhammapadānī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno pāṭaliputtakassa seṭṭhissa abhidhammaṃ desesi, desente yeva pāṭaliputtakassa seṭṭhissa virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.

Atha kho pāṭaliputtako seṭṭhi pañcamattāni sakaṭasatāni purato uyyojetvā sayaṃ pacchato gacchanto pāṭaliputtassa avidūre dvedhāpathe ṭhatvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ kho, tāta nāgasena, asokārāmassa maggo, idaṃ kho, tāta, amhākaṃ kambalaratanaṃ soḷasahatthaṃ āyāmena, aṭṭhahatthaṃ vitthārena, paṭiggaṇhāhi kho, tāta, idaṃ kambalaratanaṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Paṭiggahesi kho āyasmā nāgaseno taṃ kambalaratanaṃ anukampaṃ upādāya. Atha kho pāṭaliputtako seṭṭhi attamano udaggo pamudito pītisomanassajāto āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.



17.
之后，尊者那伽犀那起身前往尊者阿输迦所在的地方。顶礼尊者阿输迦后，他坐在一旁。尊者阿输迦对尊者那伽犀那说：“那伽犀那，你去巴连弗邑（华氏城），在巴连弗邑的阿育王精舍，有位名叫昙摩罗乞多的长老，你去他那里学习佛法。”尊者那伽犀那问：“尊者，巴连弗邑离这里有多远？”尊者阿输迦回答：“那伽犀那，有七百由旬。”尊者那伽犀那说：“尊者，路途遥远。路上的食物难以得到，我怎么去呢？”尊者阿输迦说：“你去吧，那伽犀那，沿途托钵，会得到上好的米饭，没有沙石，还有各种汤和菜肴。”尊者那伽犀那回答：“好的，尊者。”他顶礼尊者阿输迦，右绕三匝后，拿着衣钵，向巴连弗邑（华氏城）出发了。
18.
那时，巴连弗邑的一位富商带着五百辆货车，正走在前往巴连弗邑村的路上。他远远地看到尊者那伽犀那走来，便上前迎接，顶礼尊者那伽犀那后，问道：“长老，您要去哪里？”尊者那伽犀那回答：“居士，我去巴连弗邑。”富商说：“太好了，长老，我们也去巴连弗邑。和我们一起走吧，会很舒适的。”
富商很欣赏尊者那伽犀那的行持，用精美的食物和饮料，让尊者那伽犀那吃饱喝足，服侍周到。尊者那伽犀那吃完饭，放下衣钵后，富商拿了一个矮凳子，坐在一旁，对尊者那伽犀那说：“长老，您叫什么名字？”尊者那伽犀那回答：“居士，我叫那伽犀那。”富商问：“长老，您懂佛法吗？”尊者那伽犀那回答：“居士，我懂论藏。”富商说：“长老，真是难得啊！真是太幸运了！我也喜欢论藏，您也喜欢论藏。长老，请您给我讲讲论藏吧。”于是，尊者那伽犀那为富商讲解了论藏。就在他讲解的过程中，富商证得了清净无垢的法眼，明白了“凡是具有生灭法的，都具有寂灭法”的道理。
之后，富商让五百辆货车先行，自己跟在后面。走到离巴连弗邑不远的一个岔路口时，他对尊者那伽犀那说：“长老，这条路通往阿育王精舍。长老，这是一条长十六拃，宽八拃的毛毯，请您收下，以示慈悲。”尊者那伽犀那出于慈悲，收下了毛毯。富商内心欢喜踊跃，充满喜悦，顶礼尊者那伽犀那，右绕三匝后离开了。

19. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno yena asokārāmo yenāyasmā dhammarakkhito tenupasaṅkami , upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ dhammarakkhitaṃ abhivādetvā attano āgatakāraṇaṃ kathetvā āyasmato dhammarakkhitassa santike tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ ekeneva uddesena tīhi māsehi byañjanaso pariyāpuṇitvā puna tīhi māsehi atthaso manasākāsi.

Atha kho āyasmā dhammarakkhito āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca ‘‘seyyathāpi, nāgasena, gopālako gāvo rakkhati, aññe gorasaṃ paribhuñjanti. Evameva kho, tvaṃ nāgasena, tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ dhārentopi na bhāgī sāmaññassā’’ti. ‘‘Hotu, bhante, alaṃ ettakenā’’ti. Teneva divasabhāgena tena rattibhāgena saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, saha saccappaṭivedhena āyasmato nāgasenassa sabbe devā sādhukāramadaṃsu, pathavī unnadi, brahmāno apphoṭesuṃ, dibbāni candanacuṇṇāni dibbāni ca mandāravapupphāni abhippavassiṃsu.

20. Tena kho pana samayena koṭisatā arahanto himavante pabbate rakkhitatale sannipatitvā āyasmato nāgasenassa santike dūtaṃ pāhesuṃ ‘‘āgacchatu nāgaseno, dassanakāmā mayaṃ nāgasena’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno dūtassa vacanaṃ sutvā asokārāme antarahito himavante pabbate rakkhitatale koṭisatānaṃ arahantānaṃ purato pāturahosi.

Atha kho koṭisatā arahanto āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘eso kho, nāgasena, milindo rājā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ viheṭheti vādappaṭivādena pañhapucchāya. Sādhu, nāgasena, gaccha tvaṃ milindaṃ rājānaṃ damehī’’ti. ‘‘Tiṭṭhatu, bhante, eko milindo rājā; sace, bhante, sakalajambudīpe rājāno āgantvā maṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyuṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ visajjetvā sampadālessāmi, gacchatha vo, bhante, acchambhitā sāgalanagara’’nti. Atha kho therā bhikkhū sāgalanagaraṃ kāsāvappajjotaṃ isivātapaṭivātaṃ akaṃsu.



19.
之后，尊者那伽犀那来到阿育王精舍，找到尊者昙摩罗乞多。顶礼问候后，他说明了来意，并在尊者昙摩罗乞多那里学习。仅仅一遍讲解，尊者那伽犀那就在三个月内掌握了三藏佛法，又花了三个月理解了其中的含义。
尊者昙摩罗乞多对尊者那伽犀那说：“那伽犀那，就像牧牛人守护牛群，其他人却享用牛奶一样。你虽然通晓三藏佛法，却没有证得圣果。”尊者那伽犀那回答：“尊者，这样就够了。”就在当天白天和夜晚交替之际，尊者那伽犀那证得了阿罗汉果，并获得了六种神通。所有的天神都为他欢呼，大地为之震动，梵天为他鼓掌，天空中降下檀香粉和曼陀罗花雨。
20.
那时，一亿阿罗汉聚集在喜马拉雅山的一个山洞里，派使者去请尊者那伽犀那，说：“我们想见那伽犀那，请他过来。”尊者那伽犀那听到使者的话后，便从阿育王精舍消失，出现在喜马拉雅山山洞里的一亿阿罗汉面前。
一亿阿罗汉对尊者那伽犀那说：“那伽犀那，弥林达王用论战和提问扰乱僧团。你去降伏弥林达王吧。”尊者那伽犀那回答：“且不说一个弥林达王，就算全阎浮提所有的国王都来问我问题，我也能一一解答清楚。各位长老，请你们放心前往舍卫城（Savatthi）吧。”于是，长老比丘们让舍卫城（Savatthi）充满袈裟的光芒，如同仙人般来去自如。

21. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā āyupālo saṅkhyeyyapariveṇe paṭivasati. Atha kho milindo rājā amacce etadavoca ‘‘ramaṇīyā vata bho dosinā ratti, kannu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkameyyāma sākacchāya pañhapucchanāya, ko mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ ussahati kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti. Evaṃ vutte pañcasatā yonakā rājānaṃ milindaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘atthi, mahārāja, āyupālo nāma thero tepiṭako bahussuto āgatāgamo, so etarahi saṅkhyeyyapariveṇe paṭivasati; gaccha, tvaṃ mahārāja, āyasmantaṃ āyupālaṃ pañhaṃ pucchassū’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhaṇe, bhadantassa ārocethā’’ti.

Atha kho nemittiko āyasmato āyupālassa santike dūtaṃ pāhesi ‘‘rājā, bhante, milindo āyasmantaṃ āyupālaṃ dassanakāmo’’ti. Āyasmāpi kho āyupālo evamāha ‘‘tena hi āgacchatū’’ti. Atha kho milindo rājā pañcamattehi yonakasatehi parivuto rathavaramāruyha yena saṅkhyeyyapariveṇaṃ yenāyasmā āyupālo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā āyupālena saddhiṃ sammodi, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ āyupālaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kimatthiyā, bhante āyupāla, tumhākaṃ pabbajjā, ko ca tumhākaṃ paramattho’’ti. Thero āha ‘‘dhammacariyasamacariyatthā kho, mahārāja, pabbajjā, sāmaññaphalaṃ kho pana amhākaṃ paramattho’’ti. ‘‘Atthi pana, bhante, koci gihīpi dhammacārī samacārī’’ti? ‘‘Āma, mahārāja, atthi gihīpi dhammacārī samacārī, bhagavati kho, mahārāja, bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye dhammacakkaṃ pavattente aṭṭhārasannaṃ brahmakoṭīnaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi, devatānaṃ pana dhammābhisamayo gaṇanapathaṃ vītivatto, sabbete gihibhūtā, na pabbajitā.

‘‘Puna caparaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā kho mahāsamayasuttante desiyamāne, mahāmaṅgalasuttante desiyamāne, samacittapariyāyasuttante desiyamāne, rāhulovādasuttante desiyamāne, parābhavasuttante desiyamāne gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattānaṃ devatānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi, sabbete gihibhūtā, na pabbajitā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhante āyupāla, niratthikā tumhākaṃ pabbajjā, pubbe katassa pāpakammassa nissandena samaṇā sakyaputtiyā pabbajanti dhutaṅgāni ca pariharanti. Ye kho te, bhante āyupāla, bhikkhū ekāsanikā, nūna te pubbe paresaṃ bhogahārakā corā, te paresaṃ bhoge acchinditvā tassa kammassa nissandena etarahi ekāsanikā bhavanti, na labhanti kālena kālaṃ paribhuñjituṃ, natthi tesaṃ sīlaṃ, natthi tapo, natthi brahmacariyaṃ. Ye kho pana te, bhante āyupāla, bhikkhū abbhokāsikā, nūna te pubbe gāmaghātakā corā, te paresaṃ gehāni vināsetvā tassa kammassa nissandena etarahi abbhokāsikā bhavanti, na labhanti senāsanāni paribhuñjituṃ, natthi tesaṃ sīlaṃ, natthi tapo, natthi brahmacariyaṃ. Ye kho pana te, bhante āyupāla, bhikkhū nesajjikā, nūna te pubbe panthadūsakā corā, te paresaṃ pathike jane gahetvā bandhitvā nisīdāpetvā tassa kammassa nissandena etarahi nesajjikā bhavanti, na labhanti seyyaṃ kappetuṃ, natthi tesaṃ sīlaṃ, natthi tapo, natthi brahmacariya’’nti āha.


21.
那时，尊者阿育波罗住在无量精舍。弥林达王对大臣们说：“今晚月色真美！诸位，我们应该去拜访一位沙门或者婆罗门，和他进行一番问答。谁能和我辩论，消除我的疑惑呢？”这时，五百位希腊国王对弥林达王说：“大王，有一位名叫阿育波罗的长老，他通晓三藏，博学多闻，现在住在无量精舍。大王，您可以去问他问题。”弥林达王说：“那么，去通知那位长老吧。”
于是，占卜师派使者去见尊者阿育波罗，说：“尊者，弥林达王想见您。”尊者阿育波罗说：“那就让他来吧。”于是，弥林达王带着五百位希腊国王，乘坐华丽的马车，来到无量精舍，拜见尊者阿育波罗。互相问候之后，他们寒暄了一番，然后弥林达王坐在一旁，对尊者阿育波罗说：“尊者阿育波罗，您出家是为了什么？你们的最终目的是什么？”长老回答：“大王，我们出家是为了奉行正法，最终目的是为了证得圣果。”弥林达王问：“尊者，在家人也能奉行正法吗？”长老回答：“是的，大王，在家人也能奉行正法。大王，佛陀在鹿野苑初转法轮时，一千八百万梵天证得了法，无数天神也证得了法，他们都是在家众，不是出家人。大王，佛陀宣讲《大集经》、《大吉祥经》、《等心经》、《罗睺罗教诫经》、《自害经》时，无数天神都证得了法，他们也都是在家众，不是出家人。”弥林达王说：“尊者阿育波罗，那么你们出家就没有意义了。沙门释迦族的弟子们之所以出家并修行苦行，都是因为前世所造恶业的果报。尊者阿育波罗，那些常坐不卧的比丘，前世一定是偷盗别人财物的小偷。他们因为偷盗的业报，现在不得不常坐不卧，不能按时饮食，没有戒律，没有苦行，没有梵行。尊者阿育波罗，那些不化缘乞食的比丘，前世一定是屠杀村庄的强盗。他们因为毁坏别人房屋的业报，现在不得不不化缘乞食，没有地方住，没有戒律，没有苦行，没有梵行。尊者阿育波罗，那些树下一宿的比丘，前世一定是拦路抢劫的强盗。他们因为捆绑和囚禁路人的业报，现在不得不树下一宿，无法铺床，没有戒律，没有苦行，没有梵行。”


Evaṃ vutte āyasmā āyupālo tuṇhī ahosi, na kiñci paṭibhāsi. Atha kho pañcasatā yonakā rājānaṃ milindaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘paṇḍito, mahārāja, thero, api ca kho avisārado na kiñci paṭibhāsatī’’ti.

Atha kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ āyupālaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ disvā apphoṭetvā ukkuṭṭhiṃ katvā yonake etadavoca ‘‘tuccho vata bho jambudīpo, palāpo vata bho jambudīpo, natthi koci samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, yo mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ ussahati kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti.

22. Atha kho milindassa rañño sabbaṃ taṃ parisaṃ anuvilokentassa abhīte amaṅkubhūte yonake disvā etadahosi ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ atthi maññe añño koci paṇḍito bhikkhu, yo mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ ussahati, yenime yonakā na maṅkubhūtā’’ti. Atha kho milindo rājā yonake etadavoca ‘‘atthi, bhaṇe, añño koci paṇḍito bhikkhu, yo mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ ussahati kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā nāgaseno samaṇagaṇaparivuto saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo ñāto yasassī sādhusammato bahujanassa paṇḍito byatto medhāvī nipuṇo viññū vibhāvī vinīto visārado bahussuto tepiṭako vedagū pabhinnabuddhimā āgatāgamo pabhinnapaṭisambhido navaṅgasatthusāsane pariyattidharo pāramippatto jinavacane dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhakusalo akkhayavicitrapaṭibhāno citrakathī kalyāṇavākkaraṇo durāsado duppasaho duruttaro durāvaraṇo dunnivārayo, sāgaro viya akkhobho, girirājā viya niccalo, raṇañjaho tamonudo pabhaṅkaro mahākathī paragaṇigaṇamathano paratitthiyamaddano bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ rājūnaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ lābhaggayasaggappatto vuddhānaṃ viññūnaṃ sotāvadhānena samannāgatānaṃ sandassento navaṅgaṃ jinasāsanaratanaṃ, upadisanto dhammamaggaṃ, dhārento dhammappajjotaṃ, ussāpento dhammayūpaṃ, yajanto dhammayāgaṃ, paggaṇhanto dhammaddhajaṃ, ussāpento dhammaketuṃ, dhamento [uppaḷāsento (sī. pī.)] dhammasaṅkhaṃ, āhananto dhammabheriṃ, nadanto sīhanādaṃ , gajjanto indagajjitaṃ, madhuragiragajjitena ñāṇavaravijjujālapariveṭhitena karuṇājalabharitena mahatā dhammāmatameghena sakalalokamabhitappayanto gāmanigamarājadhānīsu cārikaṃ caramāno anupubbena sāgalanagaraṃ anuppatto hoti. Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā nāgaseno asītiyā bhikkhusahassehi saddhiṃ saṅkhyeyyapariveṇe paṭivasati. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Bahussuto citrakathī, nipuṇo ca visārado;

Sāmayiko ca kusalo, paṭibhāne ca kovido.

‘‘Te ca tepiṭakā bhikkhū, pañcanekāyikāpi ca;

Catunekāyikā ceva, nāgasenaṃ purakkharuṃ.

‘‘Gambhīrapañño medhāvī, maggāmaggassa kovido;

Uttamatthaṃ anuppatto, nāgaseno visārado.

‘‘Tehi bhikkhūhi parivuto, nipuṇehi saccavādibhi;

Caranto gāmanigamaṃ, sāgalaṃ upasaṅkami.

‘‘Saṅkhyeyyapariveṇasmiṃ , nāgaseno tadā vasi;

Katheti so manussehi, pabbate kesarī yathā’’ti.



21.
尊者阿育波罗听了这番话，默不作声，没有回答。五百位希腊国王对弥林达王说：“大王，这位长老很有智慧，但他很谨慎，所以没有回答。”
弥林达王看到尊者阿育波罗沉默不语，就拍手起身，对希腊国王们说：“阎浮提真是空洞无物！阎浮提真是荒凉贫瘠！没有一个沙门或婆罗门能够与我辩论，解答我的疑惑。”
22.
弥林达王环顾四周，看到希腊国王们既不害怕也不生气，心想：“一定还有其他有智慧的比丘，能够与我辩论，所以这些希腊国王才不生气。”于是，弥林达王对希腊国王们说：“还有其他有智慧的比丘，能够与我辩论，解答我的疑惑吗？”
那时，尊者那伽犀那身边围绕着一群沙门，他德高望重，受人尊敬，被众人认可，是一位有智慧、有才华、有能力、有知识、有见识、有教养、有经验、博学多闻、通晓三藏、精通吠陀、才智超群、博古通今、神通广大的人。他精通九支圣教，通达究竟真理，精通佛法义理，善于解释各种义理，辩才无碍，谈吐优雅，是一位杰出的演说家。他难以接近，难以应付，难以超越，难以匹敌，难以阻挡，像大海一样深邃平静，像山峰一样巍峨不动，是一位能够驱散黑暗，带来光明，善于雄辩，能降伏外道，能折服异教徒的伟大演说家。他受到比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、国王、大臣的尊敬、爱戴、推崇和供养，衣食住行、医药及其他生活所需应有尽有。他通过宣讲九支圣教，为聚集聆听的贤人和智者们开示佛法，点亮佛法的明灯，树立佛法的支柱，举行佛法的祭祀，高举佛法的旗帜，升起佛法的旌旗，击响佛法的法螺，敲响佛法的钟鼓，发出狮吼，发出如因陀罗（帝释天）般的怒吼，用充满智慧光芒、慈悲甘霖的佛法甘露，滋润整个世界。他周游在各个乡村、城镇和都城，次第来到了舍卫城（Savatthi）。当时，尊者那伽犀那和八万比丘一起住在无量精舍。因此，古人云：
“博学多闻，善于雄辩，才华横溢，经验丰富；
通达时宜，精于应答，技艺高超。
“通晓三藏的比丘们，以及五众弟子；
还有四众弟子，都推崇那伽犀那。
“智慧深邃，才智超群，通晓正邪之道；
达到究竟真理，那伽犀那博学多闻。
“他被一群有智慧、诚实不妄的比丘围绕；
周游在各个乡村城镇，来到了舍卫城。
“当时，那伽犀那住在无量精舍；
他为人们说法，如同山中的狮子。”

23. Atha kho devamantiyo rājānaṃ milindaṃ etadavoca ‘‘āgamehi, tvaṃ mahārāja; atthi, mahārāja, nāgaseno nāma thero paṇḍito byatto medhāvī vinīto visārado bahussuto citrakathī kalyāṇapaṭibhāno atthadhammaniruttipaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsu pāramippatto, so etarahi saṅkhyeyyapariveṇe paṭivasati, gaccha, tvaṃ mahārāja, āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ pañhaṃ pucchassu, ussahati so tayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinetu’’nti. Atha kho milindassa rañño sahasā ‘‘nāgaseno’’ti saddaṃ sutvāva ahudeva bhayaṃ, ahudeva chambhitattaṃ, ahudeva lomahaṃso. Atha kho milindo rājā devamantiyaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ussahati bho nāgaseno bhikkhu mayā saddhiṃ sallapitu’’nti? ‘‘Ussahati, mahārāja, api indayamavaruṇakuverapajāpati suyāma santusitalokapālehipi pitupitāmahena mahābrahmunāpi saddhiṃ sallapituṃ, kimaṅgaṃ pana manussabhūtenā’’ti.

Atha kho milindo rājā devamantiyaṃ etadavoca ‘‘tena hi, tvaṃ devamantiya, bhadantassa santike dūtaṃ pesehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ devā’’ti kho devamantiyo āyasmato nāgasenassa santike dūtaṃ pāhesi ‘‘rājā, bhante, milindo āyasmantaṃ dassanakāmo’’ti. Āyasmāpi kho nāgaseno evamāha ‘‘tena hi āgacchatū’’ti.

Atha kho milindo rājā pañcamattehi yonakasatehi parivuto rathavaramāruyha mahatā balakāyena saddhiṃ yena saṅkhyeyyapariveṇaṃ yenāyasmā nāgaseno tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā nāgaseno asītiyā bhikkhusahassehi saddhiṃ maṇḍalamāḷe nisinno hoti. Addasā kho milindo rājā āyasmato nāgasenassa parisaṃ dūratova, disvāna devamantiyaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kassesā, devamantiya, mahatī parisā’’ti? ‘‘Āyasmato kho, mahārāja, nāgasenassa parisā’’ti.

Atha kho milindassa rañño āyasmato nāgasenassa parisaṃ dūratova disvā ahudeva bhayaṃ, ahudeva chambhitattaṃ, ahudeva lomahaṃso. Atha kho milindo rājā khaggaparivārito viya gajo, garuḷaparivārito viya nāgo, ajagaraparivārito viya kotthuko [kotthuko (sī. pī.)], mahiṃsaparivuto viya accho, nāgānubaddho viya maṇḍūko, saddūlānubaddho viya migo, ahituṇḍikasamāgato [abhiguṇṭhikasamāgato (sī. pī.)] viya pannago, majjārasamāgato viya undūro, bhūtavejjasamāgato viya pisāco, rāhumakhagato viya cando, pannago viya peḷantaragato, sakuṇo viya pañjarantaragato, maccho viya jālantaragato, vāḷavanamanuppaviṭṭho viya puriso, vessavaṇāparādhiko viya yakkho, parikkhīṇāyuko viya devaputto bhīto ubbiggo utrasto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto vimano dummano bhantacitto vipariṇatamānaso ‘‘mā maṃ ayaṃ parijano paribhavī’’ti satiṃ [dhītiṃ (sī. pī.)] upaṭṭhapetvā devamantiyaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho, tvaṃ devamantiya , āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ mayhaṃ ācikkheyyāsi, anakkhātaññevāhaṃ nāgasenaṃ jānissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, mahārāja, tvaññeva jānāhī’’ti.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā nāgaseno tassā bhikkhuparisāya purato cattālīsāya bhikkhusahassānaṃ navakataro hoti pacchato cattālīsāya bhikkhusahassānaṃ vuḍḍhataro.


23.
于是，大臣提婆曼提对弥林达王说：“大王，您请过来吧。大王，有一位名叫那伽犀那的长老，他博学多闻，才智超群，有教养，有经验，善于雄辩，辩才无碍，精通义理、法义和词义的解释，并已证得神通。他现在住在无量精舍。大王，您可以去问他问题，他能与您辩论，解答您的疑惑。”弥林达王一听“那伽犀那”的名字，顿时感到恐惧、胆怯，汗毛竖立。弥林达王问提婆曼提：“那伽犀那比丘能和我辩论吗？” 提婆曼提回答：“大王，他能和因陀罗（帝释天）、伐楼拿（水天）、俱吠罗（财神）、帝释天、四大天王、须夜摩（阎王）、散陀罗（日天）、具光天、大梵天辩论，何况是凡人呢？”
弥林达王对提婆曼提说：“那么，提婆曼提，你派使者去通知那位长老吧。”提婆曼提回答：“遵命，大王。”于是，他派使者去见尊者那伽犀那，说：“尊者，弥林达王想见您。”尊者那伽犀那说：“那就让他来吧。”
于是，弥林达王带着五百位希腊国王，乘坐华丽的马车，率领大批军队，前往无量精舍拜见尊者那伽犀那。当时，尊者那伽犀那和八万比丘一起坐在经行道上。弥林达王远远地就看到了尊者那伽犀那的眷属，便问提婆曼提：“提婆曼提，那是谁的眷属，如此众多？” 提婆曼提回答：“大王，那是尊者那伽犀那的眷属。”
弥林达王远远地看到尊者那伽犀那的眷属，顿时感到恐惧、胆怯，汗毛竖立。他就像被乌鸦包围的大象，被秃鹫包围的龙，被蟒蛇包围的巨蜥，被尘土包围的火，被蛇缠住的青蛙，被老虎盯上的鹿，被毒蛇咬住的眼镜蛇，被猫盯上的老鼠，被驱魔师包围的恶鬼，被罗睺（计都，指发生月食）吞没的月亮，钻进洞里的蛇，困在笼中的鸟，落入网中的鱼，误入陷阱的猎人，被财神俱毗罗惩罚的夜叉，寿命将尽的天人一样，感到害怕、焦虑、惊恐、不安，毛骨悚然，忧愁苦闷，心烦意乱，精神错乱，心想：“这些人可别嘲笑我。”他定了定神，对提婆曼提说：“提婆曼提，你不要告诉我哪位是尊者那伽犀那，我自己能认出来。” 提婆曼提回答：“好的，大王，您自己认吧。”
当时，尊者那伽犀那坐在比丘眷属的前排，他是四万四千位比丘中最年轻的一位，也是坐在后排的四万四千位比丘中最年长的一位。


Atha kho milindo rājā sabbaṃ taṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ purato ca pacchato ca majjhato ca anuvilokento addasā kho āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ dūratova bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe nisinnaṃ kesarasīhaṃ viya vigatabhayabheravaṃ vigatalomahaṃsaṃ vigatabhayasārajjaṃ, disvāna ākāreneva aññāsi ‘‘eso kho ettha nāgaseno’’ti.

Atha kho milindo rājā devamantiyaṃ etadavoca ‘‘eso kho, devamantiya, āyasmā nāgaseno’’ti. ‘‘Āma, mahārāja, eso kho nāgaseno, suṭṭhu kho, tvaṃ mahārāja, nāgasenaṃ aññāsī’’ti . Tato rājā tuṭṭho ahosi ‘‘anakkhātova mayā nāgaseno aññāto’’ti. Atha kho milindassa rañño āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ disvāva ahudeva bhayaṃ, ahudeva chambhitattaṃ, ahudeva lomahaṃso.

Tenāhu –

‘‘Caraṇena ca sampannaṃ, sudantaṃ uttame dame;

Disvā rājā nāgasenaṃ, idaṃ vacanamabravi.

‘‘Kathitā [kathikā (sī. pī.)] mayā bahū diṭṭhā, sākacchā osaṭā bahū;

Na tādisaṃ bhayaṃ āsi, ajja tāso yathā mama.

‘‘Nissaṃsayaṃ parājayo, mama ajja bhavissati;

Jayo ca nāgasenassa, yathā cittaṃ na saṇṭhita’’nti.


23.
弥林达王前后左右地打量着整个僧团，远远地就看到了坐在僧团中间的尊者那伽犀那。尊者那伽犀那如同雄狮一般，没有丝毫恐惧，没有丝毫胆怯，没有丝毫慌乱。弥林达王仅凭外貌就认出了他，心想：“这一定就是那伽犀那。”
于是，弥林达王对提婆曼提说：“提婆曼提，这位就是尊者那伽犀那。”提婆曼提回答：“是的，大王，这就是那伽犀那。大王，您真是好眼力，一下子就认出了尊者那伽犀那。”国王很高兴，心想：“我一眼就认出了那伽犀那。”弥林达王看到尊者那伽犀那后，恐惧、胆怯和不安再次涌上心头。
因此，古人云：
“看到仪态端庄、调伏良好的尊者那伽犀那，
国王说出了这番话：
“我曾与许多雄辩家辩论，也曾驳倒许多人；
但从未像今天这样恐惧，如此害怕。
“毫无疑问，今天我必将失败；
而那伽犀那必将获胜，我心中忐忑不安。”


Bāhirakathā niṭṭhitā.

外传结束。

